Monday, 22 June 2009

Asylum seekers: Britain's shadow people

As new figures suggest half a million failed asylum seekers are living destitute in Britain, the Guardian speaks to those living in the margins of society.
March 2009, Guardian

http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/video/2009/mar/16/asylum-seekers-refused-britain

Sunday, 21 June 2009

"Immigration centre detainees stage hunger strike over inadequate medical care"

Written by Emma Ginn
By Daily Mail Reporter, 16th June 2009

"Around 20 people were on hunger strike at an immigration detention centre today in protest against inadequate medical care, a group of detainees said.

Melchior Singo, 39 and originally from Malawi, said inmates in the family unit at Yarl's Wood immigration removal centre in Bedfordshire stopped eating yesterday morning.

They are protesting against what they claim is sub-standard health care and the detention of children at the site.
Yarl's Wood

The UK Borders Agency confirmed that some inmates at Yarl's Wood were refusing meals, but said the situation was under control

A spokeswoman for the UK Borders Agency (UKBA) said detainees had access to snack bars and that the situation was 'under control', and insisted that medical facilities were as good as the NHS.

Susanna Kushaba, from Uganda, raised concerns about her five-month old son Sean when his temperature shot up earlier this month.

She claims medical staff at the centre ignored her, and she was forced to dial 999 to get her son examined.

The 26-year-old said: 'He was really sick and he'd never been in that condition before. I tried telling the staff, and the staff were calling the health care but no one was coming.'

Epileptic Siddika Suloojee, 37, has not received proper care for her condition, it is claimed, and Mr Singo said when she fell from her bed staff told her she was 'faking it'.

Sophia Cherbal, 29, who suffers from depression, was left without any medication at all after staff said they would alter her drugs because she is two months' pregnant.

Her husband Ismail, 34, from Algeria, said: 'She's not been eating properly and now she won't go to see the healthcare staff. When she was arrested they took her off her medication. Then they found she was pregnant and they said they would give her something that would not harm the baby, but we have heard nothing from them.'

Mr Singo's nine-year-old daughter Olger was referred to an orthodontist before they were imprisoned but has now been denied further treatment.

Children's Commissioner Sir Al Aynsley-Green has called for an end to the detention of children

He said: 'Medical attention is not given as a priority. We've got medical healthcare but we don't get the right care that we need. If you fall ill after lunch you can't see the nurse, even if it's urgent, until the following day.'

The detainees are also protesting against children being held at the centre.
Solomon Ojehonmon, 38, from Nigeria, said: 'It's not good for us as families to be detained in here. This is the most famous free society in the world and there should not be a place like this where they detain children.'

In April, following a visit to Yarl's Wood, Children's Commissioner Sir Al Aynsley-Green called for an end to the detention of children before deportation.

He found that every year nearly 2,000 children were locked up solely for administrative reasons and that the length of time they were being held was on the increase.


According to the UKBA Yarl's Wood has 121 family beds, along with 284 single female beds, and there is a healthcare centre on-site with a small in-patient ward.

A spokeswoman for the UKBA said: 'A small number of detainees at Yarl's Wood have refused meals since lunch-time yesterday. Some are accessing snacks through the night cafe and children are obtaining additional snacks in classrooms in the day. The situation is under control and we are discussing with detainees their concerns.

'Our centres have been praised by independent monitors and our medical care is as good as on the NHS. There is 24-hour nursing care, doctors on call night and day, and access to social workers and dentists.'"


Guardian : "Hunger strike at Yarl's Wood detention centre" - 18/06/09

"Detainees protest at sub-standard healthcare and the detention of children.

At least 30 detainees at the Yarl's Wood detention centre have been on hunger strike since Monday in protest at poor conditions at the Bedfordshire site.

Melchior Singo, 39, from Malawi, said people in the family unit had stopped eating in protest at the sub-standard healthcare and the detention of children. The action began on Monday.

One detainee, Solomom Ojeheonmon, said: "Children, some of them as young as five months old, in this detention centre, are sick."

In April, Sir Al Aynsley-Green, the children's commissioner, said the government's policy of holding 2,000 children a year in removal centres could be harmful to their health. "The UK should not be detaining any child who has had an unsuccessful asylum claim," he said.

Susanna Kushaba, from Uganda, raised concerns when her five-month-old baby developed a temperature. She claims staff ignored her and she was forced to dial 999 to gain medical attention. "I tried telling the staff and the staff were calling the healthcare but no one was coming."

Dr Frank Arnold, clinical director of Medical Justice, said: "We are not at all surprised by these complaints." He said he agreed with MP Alistair Burt, who described Yarl's Wood as "beyond comprehension and decency"."

Article on Guardian website



BBC : "Fire at immigration removal unit" (Brook House) - 13/06/09


"Brook House was opened in March and can house 426 people

A fire was started and "disorder" broke out at a wing of an immigration removal centre near Gatwick Airport, Sussex police said.

Officers said there were reports of minor damage and a blaze in the exercise yard at Brook House, which houses 312 people awaiting deportation.

No-one is believed to be hurt and the fire is said to have burnt itself out.

The force said "disorder" involving 30 detainees started at about 2250 BST and was confined to one wing.

Officers were called in to support security firm G4S.

'No risk'

G4S, with the help of HM Prison Service, currently manages the welfare of detainees inside the centre, the police said.

Ch Insp Ed Henriet, of Gatwick Police, said: "Sussex Police is supporting the security arrangements. All detainees are accounted for and there is no risk to the wider community."

West Sussex Fire Rescue Service has also been monitoring the fire at Brook House.

Home Secretary Jacqui Smith opened Brook House, which can house up to 426 people, in March.

It is situated next to Tinsley House, a 136-bed detention centre."

Article on BBC website



Sunday, 14 June 2009

No peace - the Netanyhau speech

Netanyahu spoke about peace, a peace that is clearly dictated by Israel. A Palestinian state with no sovereignty over its airspace, no army and that gives full recognition of a jewish state of Israel; no freezing of settlements ('the settlements are not an obstacle to peace'), no solution for the refugees except outside the borders of Israel. The well chosen words which frame the core and real content feel like a badly stitched coat. He doesn't really want to talk about peace or negotiations, he was voted in for conflict.
This speech is a clear no to Obamas plan and vision of the Middle East. And as if Israel already knows that it will be very difficult with a weakening political back up from the US, Lieberman today visited Russia and talked with Putin. The welcome was friendly, Russia would like to take a leading role as a broker of a peace process. So a peace summit in Moscow is planned.
Tomorrow Lieberman will meet with the EU leadership to discuss the relationships in the future. It will be interesting to see if economic and military trade relations will be more important for the EU than regional stability in the Middle East. Will there be a freeze of the upgrade? With a state that openly disregards human rights, criminalises comemmoration of the Nakba, would like all its citizens to swear loyalty to a jewish, zionist state, who is on the way to introduce more and more fascist laws...
Will there be anybody at all, who is still interested in holding Israel to account about what was done in Gaza, not so long time ago? Every fact finding mission has revealed horrendous acts and crimes performed by the Israeli army against the population in Gaza, the facts lie clear on the table for everyone to see, who wants to see them. There should be a way to bring those who were responsible for those crimes to court as well as those who profit from them, which in some way includes some states in the EU. Military research and development always needs places and people to try how it works. The increasing number of drones used in Gaza show a link to research and trade agreements with the EU and the US.

Hostage to Israel’s far right

?Two states or a state of two nations?
(german version posted below)

Following the Israeli elections the far-right leader Avigdor Lieberman has become foreign minister and deputy prime minister. His views on the Arab-Israeli conflict have provoked a clash with President Obama. And he is calling the Israeli Palestinians’ citizenship into question, even talking of eventual ‘transfer’

by Joseph Algazy and Dominique Vidal

David Rotem’s leitmotif is allegiance to the state, but he never spells it out. So much so that, before leaving, we put it to him: “Imagine yourself in Nazi Germany. Where would your loyalty lie?” “To the state,” he replied, without blinking an eye. That retort, given in the Knesset building in Jerusalem, left us stunned, particularly since he went on to tell us how his father left Germany when Hitler came to power.

Rotem is a lawyer, former deputy speaker of the Knesset, prospective director of the new Law Commission and close confidant of Avigdor Lieberman, the leader of the Yisrael Beiteinu Party (Israel is Our Home). He rehashes his recent election speeches. “Whether he’s a Jew, a Muslim or a Christian, a citizen must demonstrate his loyalty to the state. If he does not, he’s not a citizen,” he says. The same tirade castigates Rabbi Meyer Hirsh for having met Iran’s president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (1), and those Arab parliamentarians who dared to protest against the recent Gaza massacres.

The party’s stance is that every Israeli should swear an oath of allegiance to the flag (which includes the Shield of David, the symbol of Judaism), sing the national anthem (which evokes the “Jewish soul”) and do military service (Arabs, apart from the Druze and some Bedouin, are exempt along with ultra-orthodox Jews).

Yisrael Beiteinu’s electoral slogan leaves no doubts: “Only Lieberman speaks Arabic”. The historian Shlomo Sand quipped: “In his native Moldova he was a night-club bouncer. Now it’s the Arabs who get bounced”. This joke does, however, ignore one fact about the “Russian” party (2): its official line is not to expel Palestinians (3) – as in 1948 – but to form a future Palestinian state around the areas where they are most populous, particularly Umm al-Fahm and the northern Triangle. In exchange, Israel would annex parts of the West Bank settled by Jews, starting with those who surround East Jerusalem.

For, unlike Likud, Yisrael Beiteinu formally embraces the two-state solution. “We accept the 1947 principal of partition,” Rotem emphasised. “Palestinians want a judenrein (4) state, Israelis a 100% Jewish state, not one which is open to all citizens. An international agreement must redraw frontiers in this spirit.”

Why is there such fury against Israel’s one-and-a-half million Arabs? The three Arab political parties represented in the Knesset have similar views on the subject, but all the same there are certain nuances.

The charismatic 29-year-old Hanin Zoabi – the first female parliamentarian from an Arab party – helped “save” the electoral chances of the National Democratic Assembly (Balad), whose founder, Azmi Bishara, fled the country after being accused of treason. Strangely she sees Lieberman’s position as offering a sort of quid pro quo – “I withdraw from the occupied territories so I must have your loyalty”. As a consequence, she says, one must “remind Israeli Palestinians that they live in a Jewish state and should accept it as such”. Benjamin Netanyahu “has no need to insist on Israel’s Jewish nature because he is not in favour of two separate states”.

‘Only justice heals wounds’

In his Nazareth office, the lawyer Tawfiq Abu Ahmed claimed to represent the Islamist movement, part of the United Arab List/Arab Movement for Renewal (Ra’am/Ta’al). For him, the far right takes an anti-Arab stance to “show to Israeli Jews that it protects their interests”, creating “an internal enemy to fight and so reinforce its own popularity”. Instead of trying to demand loyalty among Israeli Arabs as a condition of citizenship, the lawyer suggested, “the establishment should understand that the opposite works: only real citizenship, that’s to say equal rights, can guarantee loyalty. As one of our proverbs says, only justice heals wounds.”

The long-serving mayor of Eilaboun in Galilee, Hanna Swaid, is second on the Communist ethnically mixed Hadash list, and one of four Knesset members. Without ignoring Yisrael Beiteinu’s electoral impact he is worried about specifics: “Making military service compulsory would aggravate every kind of anti-Arab discrimination” (5). “Above all,” he added, “these themes benefit from popular support and risk provoking tensions between Jews and Arabs which threaten their very coexistence, already strained by the shootings of October 2000 and the Acre pogrom of October 2008 (6). The ‘Lieberman era’ has been ushered in by clashes, particularly in towns with mixed populations.”

“Everything stems from the setback when former prime minister Ariel Sharon invented the politics of separation,” claims the lawyer Hassan Jabareen, director of Adalah, the Legal Centre for the Arab Minority Rights in Israel, whom we met in his Haifa office. For Jabareen, Israel’s policies of building the wall, of withdrawing from Gaza, its military adventures of summer 2006 and winter 2008-9 have all failed: “The Israeli establishment blames everything on the Palestinians of Israel precisely because it is impossible to impose a unilateral solution.”

The “demographic threat”, which explains the interest in the creation of a Palestinian state, now also concerns Israel itself. “Nobody believes any longer in two states,” said Jabareen. “Conflict is breaking out on all fronts, as in 1948: there’s no great difference between Haifa, Nablus and East Jerusalem. Except that to make ‘war’ on the Palestinians of Haifa would be easier.”

In so saying, Jabareen finds himself alongside Lieberman. In January 2008, when Lieberman stepped down from the previous government where his role was minister of strategic affairs, he spoke openly: “Our problem is not Judea and Samaria, but the extreme fundamentalist leadership that is in the Knesset… Our problem is [the Arab-Israeli parliamentarians] Ahmed Tibi and Barakeh, they’re more dangerous than Khaled Mash’al [the Damascus-based Hamas leader] and Nasrallah [head of Hizbullah]. They work from the inside; they operate methodically to destroy the State of Israel as a Jewish state” (7).

In reality, mobilisation against this “fifth column” – the current expression – began long ago in hearts and minds, both within Israel’s institutions and at the grassroots.

Take normalisation of racist talk, like that in 2004 by Yehiel Hazan, the former deputy leader of Likud, comparing Israeli Arabs to “worms” who have worked in a “subterranean” way to “harm the Jewish people for 100 years” (8). Another Likud contender for the Guinness Book of Arabophobia, Moshe Feiglin, has opined: “You can’t teach a monkey to speak and you can’t teach an Arab to be democratic. You’re dealing with a culture of thieves and robbers. Muhammad, their prophet, was a robber, a killer and a liar” (9).

A law passed in 1985 prevented Rabbi Meir Kahane’s Kach party from taking part in elections because of similar statements. The aggravations of early 2009 prompted President Shimon Peres to worry, just before the polls, about “incitement to violence against any part of the electorate. Arabs, like all the country’s citizens, have equal rights and duties.” Sadly, the damage has already been done. According to opinion polls conducted in 2006 and 2007, 78% of Israeli Jews are opposed to having Arab political parties in any government; 75% wouldn’t like to live in the same building as an Arab; 75% believe they engage in violence (54% of Arabs think the same of Jews); 68% fear a new intifada; 64% worry about Arab demography; and 56% think that “Arabs can never reach the Jewish level of cultural development”. As for “solutions”, 55% of Israeli Jews believe that the government should encourage Arab emigration, 50% advocate their transfer and 42% suggest that they should no longer have the right to vote (10).

The little Liebermans

History tells us that such a climate of opinion makes huge backward steps possible, if not probable. Proof of this was the voting in of the 2003 law forbidding a Palestinian living in the West Bank or Gaza to join their husband or wife in Israel (11). Of course, the new government won’t turn any projects proposed by Foreign Minister Lieberman into legislation tomorrow. But who knows about the day after tomorrow?

“The worst is not Lieberman himself but the little Liebermans he spawns, creating a climate of terror where the smallest incident can get out of control.” Ahmed Oudeh, a baker, knows what he’s talking about. He lives in Acre (53,000 inhabitants, of whom 17,000 are Arab) and sits on the local council of a city still bruised by the events of last October. Several hundred Jewish rioters destroyed or damaged 30 homes, 84 shops and 100 cars (12).

We were off on a strictly non-tourist trip around Acre. First we went to see five venerable dwellings in the ancient city restored – and offered to Jewish students by Amidar, the housing company that “owns” Arab property “abandoned” in 1948. Then, we visited a new block under construction bearing the friendly name Northern Fist, promised to former Gaza settlers. Nearby is the site of the largest yeshiva (religious school) in the north of Israel; dozens of Jewish schoolboys stroll around the souk with four armed guards. And there’s the al-Lababidi mosque, still closed although most people who live around it are Muslim.

At Lod (formerly Lydda), where the architect Buthaina Dabit plays host, the theme was similar. The thousand Palestinians who avoided expulsion in 1948 have become 11,000 in a total population of 70,000. “To revive the town’s Jewishness”, our guide explained, “the mayor is both trying to chase out Arabs and attract more Jewish residents”.

The ill-made road, which our small car found hard-going, illustrated this double process: to our right was the smart Jewish Ganei Aviv (Spring Gardens) complex; to our left lay a kind of ruined Arab shantytown, obviously abandoned and threatened with demolition with, here and there, a few expensive villas, separated by a wall – whose construction was stopped by legal action – from the moshav (cooperative) Nir Tzvi. “Yesterday”, the architect recalled, “they used oriental Jews to chase us away. Then it was the Russians and now the ultra-religious. We should all be fighting together rather than against each other.”

Jaffa, once known as “the sea’s fiancée”, was annexed to Tel Aviv after the nakba (catastrophe) of 1948. Its population is currently 40% Palestinian. There, too, a project to Judaise the town revolves around poverty. Judith Ilany, coordinator of a women’s help group organised by Hadash-Balad, explained: “Take family F, a single mother with three children. Waiting, without any great hope, for local authority housing, she rents a private apartment for 2,000 shekels ($483) a month, or two thirds of her salary. Her landlord throws her out. She then is forced 
to sign another rental agreement for 4,000 
shekels which, obviously, she can’t meet for long. Heavily in debt, she is thrown out a second time. She could, of course, obtain a tax reduction by 
completing a large dossier in Hebrew, a language she doesn’t speak. But it wouldn’t be sufficient to put her beyond the long arm of the private company acting for the municipality to repossess defaulting tenancies.”

More than 500 expulsion orders for dwellings built without permission hang over Jaffa like a sword of Damocles. In the Negev they also tear down housing, whole villages at a time (see The forgotten Bedouin).

No longer ready to stand by

Aida Touma-Sliman, the Communist director of Women Against Violence, is proud of founding the world’s first refuge for battered Arab women. As a grassroots activist, she says it’s there, rather than at the polls, that you see a “drift towards fascism. Some may think this is exaggeration but, unfortunately, the facts support us: our very legitimacy is challenged, violent harassment happens frequently, our towns are threatened with Judaisation. The human destruction of Palestinians in Gaza crossed the boundaries. We know from experience where it is all going.”

Nazareth feels secure. Not only has the capital of Galilee remained almost exclusively Arab but, because housing is in short supply there, people are renting, even buying, places in its “sister” town, Nazareth Ilit, created as a Jewish balance. For Touma-Sliman, however, “even here, Lieberman’s speeches resound like a call to attack us”.

Israel’s distraught Arab community does not intend to stand by and let things happen. The Gaza tragedy and the racist nature of the general election campaign could lead, according to many observers, to a large boycott. But some 52% of Arab Israelis went to the polls and their voting patterns changed radically. Only 12% of Arab electors voted for a Zionist party (compared with 30% three years ago), the others choosing between the three parties representing 
their cause, particularly Hadash. There was also 
mass participation in this year’s Land Day on 30 March.

How to build on this riposte and stop what Hassan Jabareen calls “rampant apartheid”? Some 200 Arabs and Jews, representing different age groups and cultures, recently joined the debate one sunny Saturday in Acre at a conference called to counter racism. Heavy anger characterised many of the speakers. The Islamist councillor Adham Jamal, deputy mayor of Acre, paid the price for talking 
about his powerlessness. Accused by one of the families without housing since last October, he left the hall to jeers.

At the heart of the exchanges lay the issue of allegiance. “We’re the victims, so we should define the ground rules,” said a young Balad councillor. She was challenged by Miriam Damoni-Charbit, who trains Jewish and Arab teachers at Israel’s largest educational NGO. “I understand that Israel’s Arabs are torn between their country and their people”, she said, “but for their own sake they must understand Jewish sensibilities. It is simply unacceptable to chatter during the Shoah siren or to violate the peace of Yom Kippur.” She pointed to “all the Likud voters who, on questions of social justice, could get involved in the fight for equality.” On 11 November 2008, in Tel Aviv’s mayoral election, the Communist parliamentarian Dov Khenin broke all records in capturing 35% of votes (nearly 75% of those younger than 35). But his rainbow coalition did not have any Palestinians of Jaffa on its list.

Allegiance, then, but to what? Two states, or a state of two nations? “Some solidarity movements forget that they don’t represent the Palestinian people. Our right to self-determination includes the right to choose for ourselves what seems to be the best solution,” insists Aida Touma-Sliman.

She brandishes every opinion poll “with no exceptions” taken in the West Bank and Gaza. “If nine out of 10 Israeli Jews want their own state, the same goes for two out of three Palestinians in the occupied territories”. And for good reason. “In a two-nation state, what happens to the settlements? Beyond that, who would guarantee our rights?” She believes that real power lies elsewhere. “Only the international community can impose a solution on Israel: that’s what we should all be working for – here and in your country.”

Palestinians of Israel

Dates

1947-9 During the fighting, 700,000-800,000 Palestinians were forced to leave their homes. Only 160,000 remained in Israel.
21 October 1948 The authorities imposed military rule on the Arab population based on British emergency law.
1948-2008 Massive expropriation of Palestinian lands.
End 1966 Military rule lifted
June 1967 Israel’s occupation of Gaza, the West Bank and the Golan allowed Palestinians to re-make contact with those expelled.
30 March 1976 Repression of demonstrators protesting the confiscation of land caused six deaths and dozens of injuries. The date became known as Land Day.
October 2000 Demonstrations of solidarity with the second intifada. Reprisals by the authorities caused 13 deaths.

Figures

  • The average salary of Israeli Arab workers in 2007 was only 67% of that of oriental Jews and 52% of that of Ashkenazi Jews.
  • The average per capita income of Israeli Arabs was $7,700 dollars, compared with $19,000 for Israel as a whole.
  • In 2007, 51.4% of Palestinian families lived beneath the poverty line, compared with 19.9% of all families.
  • Less than 6% of state employees were Arab.
  • Only 18% of Arab Israeli women were employed, compared with 56% of Jewish women (and 59% of Arab men).
  • Since the founding of Israel in 1948, there has been no new Arab municipality, as against 600 new Jewish municipalities.
  • Palestinian citizens of Israel own only 3.5% of the land.
  • Arab municipalities received less that 5% of development budget funds and 3% of normal government funding, although Israeli Palestinians form 20% of the population.

Sources: Different reports by UN Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA); The Human Rights Status of the Palestinian Arab Minority, Citizens of Israel, Mossawa Centre, Haifa, October 2008; Israel: Social Report 1998-2007, Adva Centre, Tel Aviv, 2008. Unless specified, statistics are from 2006.

Friday, 5 June 2009

Spring in London


London street in spring, Green Lanes


Hackney Marshes...


The Anchor and Hope, River Lea


Springfield Park, Hackney


Highgate cemetery


well known London resident

Tuesday, 26 May 2009

Araber sein in Israel

Araber sein in Israel
von Joseph Algazy und Dominique Vidal

Die neue Regierung Netanjahu macht die Welt nervös. Ihr Außenminister Lieberman, der Chef der chauvinistischen Partei Israel Beitenu, gilt selbst in Washington als Gegner eines palästinensischen Staats. Anlass zur Unruhe haben aber vor allem die arabischen Bürger Israels. Nachdem der Versuch, ihnen das Wahlrecht zu entziehen, vor Gericht gescheitert ist, befürchten sie unter Netanjahu und Lieberman eine neue Welle der Diskriminierung.


Liebermann

Staatstreue ist sein "Leitmotiv", aber er macht nie ganz deutlich, was er darunter versteht. Also fragen wir am Ende unseres Gesprächs: "Wenn Sie während der Naziherrschaft Deutscher gewesen wären, wem hätte Ihre Loyalität gegolten?" "Dem Staat", erwidert er ohne zu zögern. Eine solche Antwort macht sprachlos, vor allem wenn sie in Jerusalem, im Plenarsaal des Parlaments, gegeben wird. Und auch nachdem unser Gesprächspartner zuvor erzählt hat, wie sein Vater nach Hitlers Machtergreifung aus Deutschland wegging.

Der Jurist David Rotem ist stellvertretender Präsident der Knesset und im neu gewählten israelischen Parlament designierter Vorsitzender des Rechtsausschusses. Er gilt als enger Vertrauter von Avigdor Lieberman, dem Vorsitzenden der Partei Israel Beitenu ("Unser Haus Israel") und Außenminister in der Regierung Netanjahu. Rotem macht sich Liebermans Wahlkampfparolen ohne weiteres zu eigen: "Ob Jude, Muslim oder Christ: Jeder Bürger muss sich loyal gegenüber dem Staat verhalten, sonst ist er kein Staatsbürger." Und dann wettert er sowohl gegen den Rabbiner Meyer Hirsch, der sich angeblich mit dem iranischen Staatspräsidenten Mahmud Ahmadinedschad getroffen hat(1), als auch gegen die arabischen Parlamentsabgeordneten, die es gewagt haben, gegen das Massaker in Gaza zu demonstrieren.

Israel Beitenu fordert, dass jeder Israeli den Eid auf die Fahne schwören und die Nationalhymne singen müsse, in der die "jüdische Seele" beschworen wird. Alle israelischen Araber sollen Militär- oder gegebenenfalls Zivildienst leisten, obwohl sie bislang - mit Ausnahme der Drusen und einiger Beduinen - ebenso von der Wehrpflicht befreit sind wie die ultraorthodoxen Juden.

Hochverrats-Anklage gegen Knesset-Abgeordnete

"Nur Lieberman spricht Arabisch", lautete eine vielsagende Wahlkampfparole der Partei. "In seinem Herkunftsland Moldawien war er Rausschmeißer in einem Nachtlokal", kommentiert der Historiker Schlomo Sand. "Jetzt will er die Araber rauswerfen." Die ironische Spitze lässt allerdings ein Spezifikum von Israel Beitenu außer Acht: Offiziell will die Partei der russischen Einwanderer2 die Palästinenser nicht aus Israel vertreiben3, sondern deren wichtigste Siedlungsgebiete - die Umgebung von Umm al-Fahm im Norden des "Arabischen Dreiecks" - in das Territorium eines künftigen Palästinenserstaats eingemeinden. Im Gegenzug soll Israel die jüdischen Siedlungen im Westjordanland annektieren dürfen, vor allem die Satellitenstädte rund um Ostjerusalem.

Die Partei Liebermans akzeptiert damit, anders als der Likud, zumindest offiziell eine Zweistaatenlösung. "Wir sind grundsätzlich mit dem Teilungsplan von 1947 einverstanden", erklärt David Rotem. "Aber die Palästinenser wollen einen ,judenreinen'(4) und die Israelis einen hundertprozentig jüdischen Staat - nicht einen ,Staat aller Bürger'. Man muss also ein internationales Abkommen aushandeln, das die Grenzen in diesem Geiste neu festlegt."

Woher rührt diese verbissene Haltung gegenüber den 1,5 Millionen Arabern, die in Israel leben? Auf diese Frage reagieren die drei in der Knesset vertretenen arabischen Parteien nur in Nuancen unterschiedlich. Hanin Zoabi ist die erste Frau, die für eine arabische Partei ins Parlament eingezogen ist. Es hat sicher mit ihrer besonderen Ausstrahlung zu tun, dass das "Nationale Demokratische Bündnis" (Balad) es erneut in die Knesset geschafft hat, nachdem der Parteigründer Asmi Bishara ins Exil gegangen war, um sich einer Anklage wegen "Hochverrats" zu entziehen.

Hanin Zoabi interpretiert die Haltung Liebermans erstaunlicherweise als eine Art "quid pro quo" nach der Formel: "Ich ziehe mich aus den besetzten Gebieten zurück, dafür muss ich mich auf eure Loyalität verlassen können." Folglich müsse man "die israelischen Palästinenser daran erinnern, dass sie in einem jüdischen Staat leben und diesen als solchen zu akzeptieren haben". Im Gegenzug sei es nicht nötig, dass Benjamin Netanjahu, "da er sich nicht für die zwei Staaten ausspricht", auf den jüdischen Charakter Israels beharre.

Der Rechtsanwalt Taufik Abu Ahmad ist ein erklärter Anhänger der islamistischen Bewegung und hat auf der Vereinigten Arabischen Liste (Raam/Taal) für die Knesset kandidiert. In seinem Büro in Nazareth - der überwiegend von Arabern bewohnten Hauptstadt der Provinz Galiläa - erklärt Abu Ahmad, mit ihren antiarabischen Parolen wolle die israelische Rechte und die extreme Rechte den Juden in Israel zeigen, dass sie ihre Interessen schütze: "Sie bauen sich einen inneren Feind auf, den sie bekämpfen können, um damit Stimmen zu gewinnen." Anstatt die Bürgerrechte der israelischen Araber von deren Staatstreue abhängig zu machen, solle die israelische Führung endlich begreifen, "dass es andersherum funktioniert: Nur wenn sie die uneingeschränkte Staatsbürgerschaft erhalten - also gleiche Rechte -, werden sie sich loyal verhalten. Eines unserer Sprichwörter lautet: Nur Gerechtigkeit heilt die Wunden."

Niemand glaubt mehr an die Zweistaatenlösung

Hanna Suaid, langjähriger Gemeindevorsteher von Eilabun in Galiläa, ist einer von vier Knesset-Abgeordneten der kommunistischen "Demokratischen Front für Frieden und Gleichheit" (Hadasch)। Auch er glaubt zwar, dass die Haltung von Israel Beitenu zum Teil nur Wahlkampftaktik ist, doch macht er sich insgesamt mehr Sorgen als seine Parteifreunde im Parlament. Den Militärdienst für alle zur Pflicht zu machen, wie Lieberman fordert, würde seiner Meinung nach die Diskriminierung der Araber verschärfen.5 Er hebt insbesondere darauf ab, dass der wachsende Zuspruch solcher Positionen dazu beitragen könnte, "zwischen Juden und Arabern so starke Spannungen zu erzeugen, dass ihr Zusammenleben auf dem Spiel steht, das ja bereits durch die Schießereien im Oktober 2000 und das Pogrom in Akko im Oktober 2008 strapaziert wurde.6 Die ,Ära Lieberman' wird neue Zusammenstöße bringen, vor allem in den Städten mit gemischter Bevölkerung."



Der Anwalt Hassan Dschabarin, Leiter des Zentrums für die Rechte der arabischen Minderheit in Israel (Adalah) in Haifa, betont die Sünden der Vergangenheit: "Das alles resultiert aus dem Scheitern der vom früheren Ministerpräsidenten Ariel Scharon eingeleiteten Politik der Bevölkerungstrennung." Nach seiner Meinung haben weder die Sperranlagen noch der Rückzug aus Gaza oder die militärischen Abenteuer vom 2006 und 2009 die erhoffte Wirkung gehabt. "Gerade die Unmöglichkeit, eine unilaterale Lösung zu erzwingen, bringt die israelische Führung jetzt dazu, die Schuld auf die Palästinenser Israel zu schieben." Mittlerweile sei nämlich die "demografische Bedrohung", die das ursprüngliche Motiv der Israelis für Verhandlungen über einen Palästinenserstaats gewesen sei, auch innerhalb der eigenen Grenzen zum Problem geworden. "Niemand glaubt mehr an die Zweistaatenlösung. Der Konflikt spielt jetzt wieder an allen Fronten, wie 1948. Da gibt es keine großen Unterschiede mehr zwischen Haifa, Nablus und Ostjerusalem - nur dass es offenbar leichter ist, gegen die Palästinenser in Haifa ,Krieg' zu führen."

In dieser Einschätzung trifft sich der arabische Anwalt mit Avigdor Lieberman. Der hatte im Januar 2008 nach seinem Rücktritt als "Minister für strategische Angelegenheiten" im Kabinett Olmert erklärt: "Nicht Judäa und Samaria sind unser Problem, sondern die extremistischen fundamentalistischen Führer in der Knesset." Ahmad Tibi und Mohammad Barakeh seien viel gefährlicher als Hamas-Führer Chalid Meschaal und der libanesische Hisbollah-Chef Hassan Nasrallah: "Sie bedrohen und untergraben den jüdischen Staat Israel systematisch von innen."(7 )

Gegen diese "Fünfte Kolonne" (ein inzwischen geläufiger Ausdruck) wird allerdings schon seit langem mobilgemacht. Rassistische Äußerungen gehören längst zur Normalität. So verglich der frühere Likud-Abgeordnete Jehiel Hasan die israelischen Araber im Jahr 2004 mit "Würmern", die sich seit hundert Jahren "unterirdisch" daran zu schaffen machen würden, "dem jüdischen Volk Leid zuzufügen".(8)

Zum ernsthaften Favoriten für die krasseste araberfeindliche Äußerung machte sich der Likud-Abgeordnete Mosche Feiglin: "Einem Affen kann man nicht das Sprechen lehren, und einem Araber kann man nicht die Demokratie beibringen. Wir haben es hier mit einer Kultur von Dieben und Banditen zu tun. Mohammed, ihr Prophet, war ein Räuber, Mörder und Lügner."(9)

1985 hatte die Knesset noch wegen ähnlicher Äußerungen des Rabbiners Meir Kahane eine Gesetzesänderung durchgebracht, die Kahanes Kach-Partei öffentliche Wahlkampfauftritte untersagte. Am Vorabend der Wahlen von 2009 erklärte Präsident Schimon Peres angesichts der neuen antiarabischen Welle: "Als Staatsoberhaupt bin ich beunruhigt über die Aufrufe zur Gewalt gegen einen Teil der Wählerschaft. Die Araber haben die gleichen Rechte und Pflichten wie alle Bürger des Landes."

2006 und 2007 zeigten Meinungsumfragen, dass 78 Prozent der Israelis eine Regierungsbeteiligung arabischer Parteien ablehnen, 75 Prozent wollen nicht mit Arabern im selben Haus wohnen, 75 Prozent glauben, die Araber neigten zur Gewalt, 68 Prozent fürchten eine neue Intifada, 64 Prozent sehen im arabischen Bevölkerungswachstum eine Gefahr, 56 Prozent sind überzeugt, dass "die Araber niemals den kulturellen Entwicklungsstand der Juden erreichen können". 55 Prozent sind der Ansicht, die Regierung solle die Araber zur Auswanderung bewegen, 50 Prozent sprechen sich für einen "Bevölkerungstransfer" aus, und 42 Prozent meinen, man solle den Arabern das Wahlrecht entziehen.(10 )Die historische Erfahrung lehrt, dass ein Klima der Diskriminierung reaktionäre Entwicklungen möglich oder sogar wahrscheinlich macht. Das zeigt etwa das 2003 verabschiedete Gesetz, wonach Palästinensern aus dem Westjordanland und dem Gazastreifen untersagt ist, zu ihrem Ehepartner nach Israel zu ziehen.(11 )

Die neue Regierung wird natürlich nicht alle Vorstellungen von Lieberman gleich in Gesetze gießen, aber "das eigentliche Problem ist auch nicht Lieberman, schlimmer sind all die kleinen Liebermans, die jetzt überall auftauchen und eine Atmosphäre der Angst erzeugen, in der jeder kleine Zwischenfall schlimme Folgen haben kann." Ahmad Udeh weiß, wovon er spricht. Der Bäcker sitzt im Stadtrat von Akko, wo 17 000 der 53 000 Einwohner Araber sind. Akko ist noch immer von den gewaltsamen Auseinandersetzungen im vergangenen Oktober gezeichnet. Damals zogen einige hundert aufgebrachte Juden durch die Stadt, zerstörten oder beschädigten dreißig Häuser, achtzig Geschäfte und hundert Autos.(12)


Loyalität schwören, faschitische Tradition

Ahmad Udeh macht mit uns eine Stadtrundfahrt, die nicht zu den bekannten Sehenswürdigkeiten führt, sondern zum Beispiel zu den fünf alten Wohnhäusern in der Altstadt, die restauriert und jüdischen Studenten zur Nutzung überlassen wurden. Als "Eigentümerin" der 1948 "aufgegebenen" arabischen Immobilien tritt die Gesellschaft Amidar auf. Wir kommen an einer Baustelle vorbei, wo ein Wohnblock mit dem netten Namen "Faust des Nordens" entsteht, der für die ehemaligen jüdischen Siedler aus Gaza bestimmt ist. Nicht weit entfernt entsteht die größte Jeschiwa (Talmudhochschule) im Norden Israels. Zurück in der Altstadt von Akko, begegnen wir Talmudschülern, die von bewaffneten Wachleuten eskortiert werden. Am Ende unserer Tour stehen wir vor der Al-Lababidi-Moschee, die immer noch geschlossen ist, obwohl sie in einem überwiegend von Muslimen bewohnten Viertel steht.

Die gleiche Geschichte in Lod (dem antiken Lydda): Die Stadt hat heute etwa 70 000 Einwohner. Im Juli 1948 entgingen nur 1 000 Palästinenser der Vertreibung, heute leben hier wieder 11 000. "Um die Stadt jüdischer zu machen", erklärt uns der Stadtplaner Buthaina Dabit, "möchte der Bürgermeister die Araber vertreiben und neue jüdische Einwohner gewinnen."

Auf unserer Fahrt über holprige Straßen, die Dabits Kleinwagen schwer zusetzen, sehen wir zur Rechten die schmucken Gebäude der Siedlung Ganei Aviv ("Frühlingsgärten") auftauchen, zur Linken liegt eine Art arabischer Slum, bereits halb leer und von Abrisskommandos angefressen, während auf einigen geräumten Flächen schon prächtige Villen entstehen - getrennt durch eine Mauer (die trotz rechtlicher Einsprüche gebaut wurde) von der jüdischen Genossenschaftssiedlung Moschaw Nir Zwi. "Zuerst haben sie orientalische Juden geholt, um uns zu vertreiben", erzählt der Architekt Dabit, "dann kamen die Russen, und jetzt die Religiösen. Wir sollten zusammenstehen, statt uns untereinander zu bekämpfen."

Jaffa trug einst den Beinamen "die Braut des Meeres". Nach der Katastrophe ("Nakba"), der Vertreibung von 1948, wurde die Stadt von Tel Aviv eingemeindet - heute sind noch 40 Prozent der Einwohner Palästinenser. Aber auch Jaffa wird immer jüdischer, und auch hier ist der entscheidende Faktor die Armut der Palästinenser.

Wie das funktioniert, erläutert Judith Ilany im Parteibüro Jaffa des Wahlbündnisses Hadasch/Balad, wo sie ein Hilfsprogramm für Frauen leitet: "Nehmen wir als Beispiel die Familie F., eine alleinstehende Mutter mit drei Kindern. In Erwartung einer Sozialwohnung (freilich ohne große Hoffnung) mietete sie ein Apartment, für das sie dem privaten Eigentümer 2 000 Schekel (375 Euro) zahlte - zwei Drittel ihres Monatseinkommens. Dann wurde ihr gekündigt. Sie musste sich eine neue Wohnung suchen. Die kostete 4 000 Schekel, das konnte natürlich nicht lange gutgehen. Als sie total verschuldet war, wurde sie erneut auf die Straße gesetzt. Sie hätte eine Steuergutschrift erhalten können, aber dazu hätte sie ein umfangreiches Formular ausfüllen müssen, abgefasst auf Hebräisch, das sie nicht versteht. Aber auch das hätte sie nicht gegen die private Inkassofirma geschützt, der die Stadtverwaltung das Eintreiben überfälliger Mieten übertragen hat."

In Jaffa sind derzeit mehr als 500 Räumungsverfahren wegen fehlender Baugenehmigungen(13) anhängig. Auch im Negev werden Häuser und manchmal sogar ganze Dörfer abgerissen (siehe nebenstehenden Artikel).

Vieles erinnert an einen Dialog unter Tauben

Aïda Tuma-Sliman, ein führendes Mitglied der Kommunistischen Partei, ist Vorsitzende des Vereins "Frauen gegen Gewalt". Sie hat schon in den 1990er-Jahren, und darauf ist sie stolz, die erste Zufluchtsstätte für misshandelte Frauen in der arabischen Welt gegründet. Ihre Erfahrungen mit den alltäglichen Konflikten zeigen ihr, mehr noch als die Wahlergebnisse, dass es in Israel faschistische Tendenzen gibt: "Manche halten das für eine Übertreibung, aber leider sprechen die Fakten dafür: Man zieht unsere Legitimität in Zweifel, die ständigen, häufig auch gewaltsamen Übergriffe, die Versuche, unsere Städte zu judaisieren. Die Entmenschlichung der Palästinenser von Gaza ist längst diesseits der Grenze angelangt. Und wir wissen aus Erfahrung, wohin das führen kann."

In Nazareth dagegen fühlen sich die Araber noch stark. Die Hauptstadt von Galiläa ist nach wie vor fast exklusiv arabisch. Und nicht nur die: Weil der Wohnraum knapp ist, müssen sich viele Palästinenser in der "Schwesterstadt" Illit eine Wohnung mieten oder gar kaufen - die "Schwesterstadt" war ursprünglich als jüdisches "Gegengewicht" zu Nazareth gedacht. "Aber selbst hier", sagt die Aktivistin Aïda Tuma-Sliman, "wurden die Parolen von Lieberman als Aufruf zur Gewalt gegen uns verstanden."

Die Palästinenser in Israel mögen allen Grund zur Angst vor der Zukunft haben, aber sie sind nicht bereit, sich alles gefallen zu lassen. Die Tragödie von Gaza und die rassistischen Töne im Wahlkampf hatten bereits zur Folge, dass es nicht zu dem geplanten Boykott der Knessetwahlen kam: 52 Prozent der arabischen Wähler gaben ihre Stimme ab. Dabei hat sich ihr Wahlverhalten radikalisiert: Nur 12 Prozent stimmten für eine der zionistischen Parteien, während es vor drei Jahren noch über 30 Prozent waren. Die übrigen Stimmen gingen an eine der drei Bewegungen, die sich für die arabischen Israelis einsetzen, vor allem an die Hadasch. Dass hier eine politische Mobilisierung im Gange ist, zeigte auch die starke Beteiligung am "Tag des Bodens" (jaum al-ard), der alljährlich am 30. März begangen wird.

Damit der Prozess, den der Minderheitenanwalt Hassan Dschabarin als "epidemische Apartheid" bezeichnet, womöglich aufgehalten werden kann, müsste die Gegenwehr allerdings noch stärker werden. Aber wie soll das gehen? Darüber diskutierten an einem sonnigen Samstag in Akko zweihundert Araber und Juden aller politischen Richtungen und Altersstufen auf einer Konferenz gegen Rassismus. Viele Redebeiträge waren von blinder Wut geprägt. Das bekam zum Beispiel der islamistische Stadtverordnete Adham Dschamal zu spüren, der mit dem Bürgermeister von Akko verbündet ist. Als er von einer Familie, die seit Oktober kein Dach mehr über dem Kopf hat, heftig attackiert wurde, verließ er die Konferenz unter Buhrufen.

Bei den Diskussionen ging es aber vor allem um die Bündnisfrage: "Wir sind die Opfer, also ist es an uns, die Grundlagen zu definieren", meinte eine junge Delegierte von Balad am Rande der Konferenz. Myriam Damoni-Charbit, die für die größte israelische NGO im Bildungsbereich arabische und jüdische Lehrer ausbildet, sieht das anders: "Ich habe zwar Verständnis für den Loyalitätskonflikt der israelischen Araber, die sich ständig zwischen ihrem Staat und ihrem Volk entscheiden müssen. Aber sie sollten im eigenen Interesse mehr Verständnis für die Empfindlichkeiten der Juden aufbringen. Es geht nicht an, dass sich Araber öffentlich unterhalten, während die Sirenen zum Gedenken an die Schoah ertönen, oder dass sie die Feiertagsruhe am Jom Kippur stören." Zudem glaubt sie, dass auch viele Likud-Wähler bereit wären, "in sozialen Fragen für mehr Gleichheit einzutreten".

Vieles erinnert an einen Dialog unter Tauben. Bei den Kommunalwahlen in Tel Aviv erzielte im November 2008 der kommunistische Kandidat Dov Chenin ein Traumergebnis von 35 Prozent der Stimmen (bei den Wählern unter 35 Jahren waren es fast 75 Prozent). Aber auf der Liste seiner "Regenbogenkoalition" ("Eine Stadt für alle") fand sich nicht ein einziger Palästinenser aus Jaffa.

Natürlich braucht es Bündnisse, aber zu welchem Ziel? Zwei Staaten oder ein binationaler Staat? "Einige Solidaritätsbewegungen vergessen, dass sie nicht das palästinensische Volk repräsentieren", kritisiert Aida Tuma-Sliman. Und sie verweist auf die "eindeutigen" Meinungsumfragen im Westjordanland und im Gazastreifen: "Neunzig Prozent der Juden in Israel wünschen einen eigenen Staat - aber das gilt auch für zwei Drittel der Palästinenser in den besetzten Gebieten." Und sie sieht dafür gute Gründe: "Was soll in einem binationalen Staat aus den jüdischen Siedlungen werden? Und wer könnte unsere Rechte schützen?"

Im Übrigen verweist die Aktivistin der Hadasch-Partei darauf, wie wichtig die internationalen Kräfteverhältnisse sind: "Allein die internationale Gemeinschaft kann Israel eine Lösung aufzwingen. Darauf müssen wir hinarbeiten - wir hier bei uns, und ihr bei euch!"

Fußnoten:
(1) Tatsächlich hat sich Rabbi Israël David Weiss mit Mahmud Ahmadinedschad getroffen, worüber Rabbi Meyer Hirsch nur wohlwollend berichtet hat. Siehe: www.protection-palestine.org/spip.php? article6421.
(2) Ihre Wähler rekrutiert Israel Beitenu überwiegend unter den Einwanderern aus Russland.
(3) Auch Exaußenministerin Tsipi Livni erklärte kurz vor ihrem Rücktritt, nach der Gründung eines palästinensischen Staats könne man den arabischen Israelis sagen: "Die Erfüllung eurer nationalen Bestrebungen findet sich anderswo." (AFP, 11. Dezember 2008).
(4) Diesen Begriff benutzten die Nationalsozialisten für die Gebiete, aus denen sie alle Juden deportiert hatten.
(5) Am 30. März 2009 brachten alle Tageszeitungen die Nachricht, dass 40 arabische Angestellte eines Privatunternehmens entlassen wurden - weil sie keinen Militärdienst geleistet hatten.
(6) Siehe Peter Lagerquist, "Anlass zur Unruhe", Le Monde diplomatique, Dezember 2008.
(7) Siehe "The Palestinian Arab Minority and the 2009 Israeli Elections", www.mossawacenter.org.
(8) Diese Aussagen wurden auch von der jüdischen Anti-Defamation League (www.adl.org) verurteilt.
(9) Zitiert nach Jeffrey Goldberg, "Among the Settlers", The New Yorker, 31. Mai 2004.
(10) Siehe www.dayan.org.
(11) Siehe Meron Rapoport, "Les libertés menacées des citoyens d'Israel", Le Monde diplomatique, Februar 2004. Juden und Araber zogen dagegen bis vor den Obersten Gerichtshof und wurden abgewiesen. Siehe: zope.gush-shalom.org.
(12) Mossawa Center, "Akka, city on the front", Haifa 2008. Siehe auch Peter Lagerquist (Anmerkung 6).
(13) Die Behörden stellen sich einfach stur - wie in Ostjerusalem. Siehe Dominique Vidal und Philippe Rekacewicz, "Die demografische Bereinigung Jerusalems", Le Monde diplomatique, Februar 2007.


Aus dem Französischen von Edgar Peinelt

Joseph Algazy ist Journalist in Tel Aviv und verantwortlich für die Internetseiten von www.defeatist-diary.com.

Le Monde diplomatique Nr. 8879 vom 8.5.2009, Seite 1,10, 585 Dokumentation Joseph Algazy / Dominique Vidal

Thursday, 21 May 2009

PHR Calls for Inquiry into Detention of Doctors and War Crimes in Sri Lanka


May 20, 2009

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Media Contacts:

Jonathan Hutson
jhutson [at] phrusa [dot] org
Tel: (617) 301-4210
Cell: (857) 919-5130



(Cambridge, MA) Physicians for Human Rights (PHR) believes that the detention of three Sri Lankan doctors is an attempt to suppress reports about the humanitarian crisis, civilian casualties, and attacks on hospitals during the recent routing of Tamil separatist forces in Sri Lanka.

"In the context of indiscriminate attacks on civilians and the sealing off of the conflict zone, PHR is calling for an international Commission of Inquiry to investigate possible war crimes in Sri Lanka by all parties," stated Frank Donaghue, PHR's CEO.
Doctors in Detention for Following Professional Ethics

The Sri Lankan Army (SLA) detained the doctors on 16 May 2009, and a government official stated on 18 May that government forces handed them over to police. They are reportedly being charged with "spreading false information" and are in police custody, reportedly at the Terrorist Investigation Division in Colombo. PHR fears Sri Lankan security forces will use excessive force or torture in retaliation against them for providing detailed information about government shelling and civilian casualties in the conflict zone to outside media. The Sri Lankan Prevention of Terrorism Act grants security forces broad arrest and detention prerogatives.



"Physicians for Human Rights is deeply concerned about the arrest and detention under illegitimate charges of our three Sri Lankan colleagues. We have no information on the three men's conditions of confinement, but we fear for their health and safety," stated Mr. Donaghue.

PHR calls on the Sri Lankan government to release the doctors immediately and to respect their rights to legal counsel and to receive medical care as well as family visits. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) should also be given immediate access to the doctors.

As the conflict zone became increasingly inaccessible to the outside world, the doctors provided first-hand accounts of shelling and civilian casualties and described the condition of their patients. Reliable sources indicated to PHR that the government is likely detaining them in retaliation for adhering to their ethical obligation to protect the lives of their patients in all circumstances. These are serious violations of medical neutrality.

"Doctors have an ethical duty to prevent and limit suffering of patients in their care and a duty to practice medicine in a neutral way without fear or favor. When there is evidence of any attack on a hospital or medical facility, it is appropriate for physicians to speak out in keeping with their ethical commitments. An embarrassed government has no right to detain doctors for practicing neutral medicine and for providing factual reports about the humanitarian and health situation on the ground," stated Donaghue.

The three government physicians, who were last seen on 15 May 2009 at the Omanthai crossing point in northern Sri Lanka, are:

* Thangamutha Sathiyamoorthy, MD, Regional Director of Health Services in Kilinochchi.
* V. Shanmugarajah, MD, Medical Superintendent at Mullivaaykkaal field hospital.
* Thurairaja Varatharajah, MD, Regional Director of Health Services in Mullaitivu, who apparently sustained bullet wounds to his shoulder. SLA forces reportedly airlifted him from the Omanthai crossing point to Anuradhapura hospital.

Violations Against Civilians Require Investigation

More than 7,000 civilians alone have been killed during renewed intense fighting since January 2009, according to the United Nations. PHR sources estimate that number now exceeds 8,000. Without a functioning hospital anymore to provide emergency care for the remaining wounded, that figure will likely increase significantly.

Both government and LTTE forces have committed egregious violations of human rights and humanitarian law. PHR received eyewitness accounts that government forces used heavy weapons (mortars, artillery) and indiscriminately bombed civilian populations. High-resolution satellite imagery analyzed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) illustrates shell-impact craters throughout the conflict zone, which corroborates these testimonies.

During hostilities, the population density of the estimated 150,000 IDPs held hostage in the conflict zone was so great (approximately five times more densely populated than Manhattan) that bombing even near these human settlements, as well as substantiated reports of targeting and destroying field hospitals, constitutes a grave breach of international humanitarian law (IHL).

LTTE forces reportedly used civilian populations as "human shields" and prevented them from leaving to seek refuge. These actions also constitute serious IHL violations. Sources in the "no-fire zone" reported to PHR that LTTE forces had shot, wounded, or killed some Tamil civilians trying to flee. PHR also received reports of systematic forced conscription of child soldiers as young as 12 years into the LTTE, which commonly demanded that two or more persons from each Tamil family join their ranks. The recruitment of child soldiers under the age of 15 is prohibited under IHL.

Physicians for Human Rights calls on the United Nations to convene a special session of the Human Rights Council (HRC) and for the HRC to establish a Commission of Inquiry to investigate possible war crimes and crimes against humanity in Sri Lanka.
Immediate Concern for the Safety and Wellbeing of IDPs: Access and Transparency Required

PHR remains alarmed by the tens of thousands of civilians who are unaccounted for and who still lack access to humanitarian emergency relief in the conflict zone. Given reports of indiscriminate attacks on the civilian population in northeastern Sri Lanka, PHR calls on the Sri Lankan government to ensure the protection and freedom of movement of all civilians and medical personnel.



The protracted armed conflict has forcibly uprooted nearly half a million IDPs, or roughly one-quarter of the country's Tamil population. Women and children comprise an estimated 80% of Sri Lanka's IDP population. According to the UN, the government is accommodating 230,000 registered Tamil civilians in 41 heavily militarized camps as of 18 May 2009. An additional 50,000 await screening and transport to camps. A total of 80,000 IDPs fled the conflict zone immediately following the end of hostilities on 17 May 2009.

International aid workers have no access to some IDP camps, and sources report to PHR that most camps lack sufficient shelter, clean water, food stocks, medical supplies, and adequate hygiene. The Sri Lankan government must immediately allow unhindered access to all IDP populations for humanitarian personnel to provide emergency relief as well as to conduct a thorough needs assessment.

As populations move in the aftermath of the recent intensive campaign by the SLA, the government must initiate a transparent IDP screening process, which ICRC or UN observers should be allowed to oversee. The government must unequivocally guarantee security and protection of all IDPs, including women and unaccompanied children, who are at risk of targeted sexual violence. Government authorities need also to plan now for the early and safe return of all IDPs to their places of origin while adhering to established UN guidelines.
Civilian Casualties and Disease Require Emergency Health Response

Fighting between the 150,000-strong SLA government forces and the 7,000-strong LTTE armed forces has led to a significant number of wounded. The UN reported some 16,700 casualties between January and April 2009. Intense fighting during May 2009 only augments this figure. Sources in the region whom PHR interviewed reported treating maimed victims needing amputation of limbs and other war-related wounds.

Reliable sources in the conflict zone reported "more than 50% of the health staff are not reporting to duty because their residences are under attack." PHR also received reports of severe over-crowding at the make-shift field hospitals, a critical lack of medical supplies (anesthetics), medicine (antibiotics), and potable water, which prevent medical staff from adequately treating most casualties.

PHR received several reports of outbreaks of Chickenpox, Hepatitis A, and Typhoid in a number of IDP camps in government-controlled areas. Food insecurity among civilian IDPs is also of concern as food intake is reportedly well below daily nutritional requirements. One source opined that one out of four displaced children is malnourished.

The Government of Sri Lanka must ensure that all IDP camps meet internationally accepted standards including safe and equitable access to sufficient clean water, sanitation, hygiene, health services, shelter, and food. Further, the Government must demilitarize all IDP camps and transfer camp administration to civilian control.
Background

The armed conflict in Sri Lanka, an island country off the southern coast of India, has pitted Sinhalese government forces against the LTTE for 26 years। Tamil-Sinhalese ethnic tensions have existed, however, since at least 1948 when nationalist Sinhalese communities won Sri Lanka independence from British colonial rule. Disagreements over post-independence power-sharing erupted between the minority Hindu Tamils and majority Buddhist Sinhalese while drafting the country's first constitution. Sinhala replaced English as the official language of Sri Lanka in 1956. Although later amended, this act had its intended effect and forced most Tamils from civil service positions as they did not speak the majority language. Several state-sponsored colonization schemes concurrently fueled tensions as the government encouraged Sinhalese settlement in Tamil-populated northeastern Sri Lanka. Government-imposed cultural and educational restrictions on the Tamil minority in the 1970s further exacerbated relations between the two ethnic groups resulting in a rise in Tamil militancy. Armed LTTE forces ambushed and killed 15 government soldiers on 23 July 1983, and riotous mobs of Sinhalese civilians across the country retaliated by beating, raping, burning, and killing some 1,000 Tamils and destroying thousands of Tamil homes. The events of "Black July" marked the beginning of the armed conflict.

Sunday, 17 May 2009

Stroll through the neighbourhood

A stroll through the neighbourhood

The other day I walked down our nearby park where loads of people were sitting, chatting, running or shouting after kids (nappy valley), playing football or other things. I thought, well in Berlin I never saw so many people playing ball games in the park and especially not that seriously, with all the fancy dress and equipment. Crossing the buried river, which you could sense on a humid day early in the morning with that wet cold mist creeping up your legs, more moms and some dads with their little monsters are busy at the café, feeding, drinking, exchanging news and advice. Approaching the exit of the park, my eyes caught a strange sight: a man covering his eyes with his left forearm leaning on the stone cross in front of the church muttering some words I could not understand due to the distance. I walked on with a kind of shyness not to disturb this probably local ritual of mourning and was just about planning a small research about it in the local library, when all of a sudden a boy peeked at this man from his hiding place. This strange ritual was nothing other than a hide and seek game and the man was just counting…

My cycle had a flat tire, I needed a repair kit to fix it, it was Saturday afternoon and most of the shops were closed. One shop, an old fashioned hardware shop seemed to be still open. It was difficult to find the entrance with pots and pans, buckets, flowers, window boxes, compost bags and ladders hanging and standing outside the shop. The entrance looked more like a cave opening, leading into the dark and unknown.

The way into the shop was framed with small paper bags full of seeds, boxes with nails and screws piling up to the ceiling. There were so many things hanging and standing on every square inch that it gave the impression of a wall pattern, not single items. But at the end of this path there was a light, glooming out of a square hole in the wall, framing an older Chinese woman busy calculating and scribbling something on a small notepad with her left hand while her right hand is running up and down an abacus adding a rhythmic wooden clicking sound to the whole picture. She did not take any notice of my presence and so I adjusted my eyes to the penumbra of the shop. Finally she raised her head and gave me a questioning look, which I answered with my question about a repair kit for a cycle. An approving mumble came out of her and she disappeared into the darkness of the back part of this maze. I only could hear her ongoing mumble, more like a kind of inquiring mumble to herself, some rattling, moving things and finally a mumble or even a tiny squeak of approval, sounds of scuffling feet returning, there she was with the requested item in her wrinkled hand. The price clearly hand written on the box, 1,30 Pounds. I fumbled in my purse to pass her the exact amount, which earned me another approving mumble. The coins disappeared somewhere in a tin box and her right hand already added another wooden abacus ball to her calculation। I parted with a greeting and a smile, which she nodded off. Out on the street with squinty eyes, I thought, I will come more often to this shop.


Thursday, 14 May 2009

Deportees


Deportees

by Woody Guthrie

The crops are all in and the peaches are rotting

The oranges are filed in their creosote dumps

They're flying 'em back to the Mexico border

To take all their money to wade back again

Goodbye to my Juan, farewell Roselita

Adios mes amigos, Jesus e Maria

You won't have a name when you ride the big airplane

All they will call you will be deportees

My father's own father, he waded that river

They took all the money he made in his life

It's six hundred miles to the Mexico border

And they chased them like rustlers, like outlaws, like thieves

The skyplane caught fire over Los Gatos Canyon

The great ball of fire it shook all our hills

Who are these dear friends who are falling like dry leaves?

Radio said, "They are just deportees"

Is this the best way we can grow our big orchards?

Is this the best way we can raise our good crops?

To fall like dry leaves and rot on out topsoil

And be known by no names except "deportees"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yz9okKRhimE

Wednesday, 6 May 2009

8. Mai 2009 Straßenfestival der Sinti und Roma


Programm

17.00 Uhr
Eröffnung

17.15 Uhr
Slobo - Gitarre und Gesang

17.30 Uhr
Vorstellung des Internationalen Jugendseminars
...weitere Infos...

17.50 Uhr
Kalo Ternipe/ATB - Balkan HipHop

18.10 Uhr
Rroma AKT - Szene aus dem Stück 'Zirkus'

18.30 Uhr
Sinti Fusion - Sinti Swing

19.10 Uhr
Por Nosotros - Flamenco

19.40 Uhr
Media Rroma - Kurzfilme

20.00 Uhr
Fanfare Kalashnikov - Rroma Brass Music

21.00 Uhr
Programmende auf der Außenbühne. Weiter geht's drinnen mit Rroma-Musik vom Band.

http://www.rromaakt.de/index.html